Systems employed for motion control are called as drives. Srivastava control instrumentation division genesis of the project indian railways have a large variety of ac locomotives in their fleet. Dc motor with speed and current closed loops, driven by. Dc motor speed control using microprocessor technique. Pdf microprocessorbased controller design and simulation.
Motor speed control using vfd and plc programming ladder. Microprocessor based traction control system for 25 kv ac locomotives y. For its implementation as an online adaptive controlsystem, the. Electrical drives are integral part of industrial and automation processes, particularly where precise control of speed of the motor is the prime requirement. In this paper, a microprocessor based control system for a.
Pdf design of a microprocessorbased control system of a. Sen department of electrical engineering, queens university, kingston, ontario, k7l 3n6, canada. Us4450398a microprocessorbased efficiency optimization. The developments in power electronics and lsi technology have made the microprocessorbased adjustable speed ac motor drives become promising. It consists of an electric motor motors, a transfer mechanism, an electrical energy converter, and a control system. Control techniques for electric drives, block diagram representation, transfer functions, transient response, frequency response and stability, compensating techniques. This paper is particularly concerned with the implementation of a proven pulsewidthmodulated p. Subrahmanyam vedam electric drives concepts and applications. Development of a microprocessor based control system for a. A typical drive system is assembled with a electric motor may be several and a sophisticated control system that controls the rotation of the motor shaft.
The synthesis of controller parameters is carried out by the. A generalized structure of the electric drive is shown in fig. Today a microprocessorbased control system is a fundamental component in many of the industrial control and automation applications. This paper describes how microprocessor based controls can be used to produce low cost pneumatic servo drives which could find a wide range of application in manufacturing industries. This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of present microprocessor based digital energy monitors.
A microprocessor based control system for an electric vehicle. Write plc program for this application using ladder language. These are volts per hertz, sensorless vector control, flux vector control, and field oriented control. Generalpurpose microprocessor used in general computer system and can be used by programmer for any application. Traditionally, the controlled electrical drives were based on directcurrent dc motors and analog controllers. In control of electric vehicle, the control obje ctive is the torque of the driving machine. Unit iii microprocessor based control of electric drives 9hours microprocessors to control the firing schemes of link converters feeding in dc motors synchronous motors and other special machines microprocessor based control electric drives four quadrant dc drives using converters and choppers vsi and csi fed induction and. Pdf microprocessorbased controller design and simulation for. Microprocessor based motor control systems are commonly used in applications such as video cassette recorder vcr head motors, spindle motors for computer flexible disks, spindle motors for compact disks, motors for camcorder drive capstans, and tape drive capstans for tape drives for personal computers. The microcontroller is programmed using embedded c compiler and in specific mikroc pro to generate sine pulse width modulated spwm pulses which are used to drive hbridge. In this paper is presented the design and implementation of a microprocessorbased computer system for the control and operation of a compression molding process system. Since the programs are in digital form, the controllers perform what is known as direct digital control ddc.
In addition, all modern electric trains or locomotive systems have been powered by electrical drives. Dc motor speed control using microprocessor technique intoduction. Microprocessor control of dc motor drives ijireeice. Ee2403 special electrical machines a course material on. May 19, 2018 microprocessor control of synchronous motor drives. Microprocessor based single phase speed control of. Recent developments in microprocessor based pwm control techniques offer the possibility of improving the lowspeed performance of cfi drives, thereby significantly extending their range of applications. Robot basics microprocessor control of electric motors. Microprocessorbased control of dc motors springerlink.
This microprocessor based system is designed with a new integrated circuit lmd 18200 which contains a fourquadrant switching circuit and onboard control logic. Because of this microprocessor technique software based protection. Function of microprocessor in electric drive control, salt features of microprocessor control microprocessor based control scheme for d. Fast modelling techniques for microprocessorbased optimal. The basic procedure of feedback and feedforward cascade control system design is presented for the. They are an immediate solution for high power reversible drives and are becoming competitors to dc and induction motor drives. Today a microprocessor based control system is a fundamental component in many of the industrial control and automation applications. Park introduction 157 adjustable speed ac motor drives 158 signal processing using a microprocessor and peripheral ics 162 ac motor drives with microprocessors 167 conclusion 180 references 180 chapter 9 microprocessor based nonlinear controller for the roll motion of a model aircraft n.
A ceiling fan motor with regulator and also with blades, a food mixer with food to be processed, a motor and conveyer belt with material on its belt and so on. Mar 04, 2020 in very simple words, the systems which control the motion of the electrical machines, are known as electrical drives. Chapter 2 introduction to microprocessor based control. Basic concepts of microprocessors differences between. Microprocessorbased adaptive control for electrical drives. In very simple words, the systems which control the motion of the electrical machines, are known as electrical drives. Vector control, also called fieldoriented control foc, is a variablefrequency drive vfd control method in which the stator currents of a threephase ac electric motor are identified as two orthogonal components that can be visualized with a vector. For its implementation as an online adaptive controlsystem, the recursive least squares algorithm for the online parameter identification was combined with a pole assignment procedure for the adaptive controller. With the cost of energy rising steadily, industry is focused on replacing inefficient constantspeed motors and drives with microprocessor based, variablespeed drives. Fundamentals of electrical drive controls josko deur and danijel pavkovic university of zagreb, faculty of mechanical engineering and naval architecture, i.
Thermal modeling, drives for specific applications, microprocessor based drive. Of course, variable frequency drives vfds and ac motors are now offering an alternative to dc drives and motors, but there are many other applications where dc drives are extensively used including crane and hoists, elevators, spindle drives, winders, paper production machines, crushers, etc. Electrical drives, control, modeling, dc motor, permanentmagnet. Abstract this paper presents a microprocessor based digital control system for a dc motor drive using the commonly used pi proportionalintegral controller and a relatively new ip integralproportional controller. Quasisquarewave currentfed inverter drives suffer from lowspeed torque pulsations, which can cause mechanical resonances and speedripple problems. According to set point value, plc will control the drive speed and vfd drive finally controls the motor speed.
Rating and heating of electric drives, power loss, heating and cooling of motors, classes and duty and selection of motors, drives for specific application like steel, paper, textile mills control of electric drives microprocessor hardware and software for drive system. Electrical drives and traction notes vssut smartzworld. In the drive controller, the signal processors with inbuilt analoguedigital converters, timers, pulsewidth modulators and other devices, which. Now days, this control can be done easily with the help of software. A microprocessor based control system can also be built where a phase controlled rectifier supplies a dc motor. In this work a simple method for gate control of a semiconverter circuit feeding a separately excited dc motor is presented which is used to vary the motor speed. Basic elements of electric drive,braking of induction motor, braking of synchronous motor,bridge rectifier circuit diagram with freewheeling.
Elements of controlled electrical drive figure 1 shows the structural block diagram of a controlled electrical drive. The speed control method developed in this system is a combination of battery tapping, for control of the armature voltage, and pulse width modulation for field control. It may employ any of the prime movers diesel engines, steam turbines and electric motors for supplying mechanical energy for motion control. The tremendous progress in semiconductor technology has made solid state dc motor drives suitable for many practical applications. Memory is an integral part of a microprocessor system, and in this section, we will discuss how to interface a memory device with the microprocessor. Electric motors and drives is intended for nonspecialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between theory based academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the development of real insight and understanding. Microprocessor based controller design and simulation for a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive article pdf available in ieee transactions on industrial electronics ie354. In this experiment, you will be briefly introduced to the role of above mentioned four components in the dsp based electric drives system.
The control system consists of a microcontroller with data connection interfaces, data channels data network, sensors and actuators. Chapter 2 introduction to microprocessorbased control objectives after studying this chaptet you should be able to unalerstand what a microprocessor is. Download pdf ebook on a first course on electrical drives by s. Pdf the speed control of a permanent magnet pm synchronous motor drive that is fed by a current hysteresiscontrolled voltagesource inverter is. The throttle position and the break is the input to the control system. The ampl itude of the appl ied voltage is adjusted using the pwm technique. This book places emphasis on practice through the use of extensive modeling, simulation and analysis to help readers better understand the subject. Microprocessorbased overcurrent relays article pdf available in ieee transactions on industrial electronics ie331.
An attempt has been made to obtain a balance between theory and practice, with emphasis on practical applications. Microprocessorbased traction control system for 25 kv ac. On application of fast frequency controlled electric drives fced for the turbocompressors of cross. An electric motor together with its control equipment and energy transmitting device forms an electric drives. Microprocessor control of dc motor drives researchgate. The development of electric drives took place as the demand of control of electric motor drive system and industrial control existed. Here the dc motor is controlled by the microprocessor 8085. Electric drives full notes, pdf, ebooks, all units. Microprocessor controlled ac and dc drives ppt computer. Variable speed drives employing microprocessor control of synchronous motor drives are becoming very popular in industrial applications. Microprocessor controlled ac and dc drives ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrical engineering fundamentals of electrical drive controls josko deur and danijel pavkovic encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. For both the motor speed control system and the positioning servo possible digital control laws are discussed. Module 1 electrical drives drives are systems employed for motion control require prime movers drives that employ electric motors as prime movers are known as electrical drives.
What are merits and demerits of microprocessor based drive. The plc has to give set point for vfd drive to control the motor speed, this can achieved either automatically from the plc or by the operator action from the hmi. There are four basic types of control for ac drives today. Memory interfacing in 8085 memory structure wait state. The memory interfacing in 8085 is used to access memory quite frequently to read instruction codes and data stored in memory. Microprocessorbased fieldoriented control of a synchronous motor drive using a threephase solidstate sinusoidal current source by lokau. Model based predictive control of electric drives complete guide lecture classroom notes pdf. It should be useful for both practicing engineers and students who are interested in learning the practical details of the implementation of microprocessor based control systems. One component defines the magnetic flux of the motor, the other the torque.
A microprocessor based control system has been developed and used to provide satisfactory control of a pneumatic servo system. In general, the main task of the electric drive is the motion control of mechanisms. This paper presents a microprocessor based digital control system for a dc motor drive using the commonly used pi proportionalintegral controller and a relatively new ip integralproportional controller. These monitors can aid customers to reduce their consumption ad cost of electrical energy. Microprocessor can directly control the plant digitally. For its implementation as an online adaptive control system, the recursive least squares algorithm for the online parameter identification was combined with a pole assignment procedure for the adaptive controller. The application of microprocessorbased adaptive control for electrical drives is investigated. Us5442272a current limiting for dc electric motor startup. Basic components of an electric drives system classroom lecture slides notes pdf. If you need this ebook you can download it free from here. A microprocessorbased control strategy for pwm inverters. An example of speed control of a dcmotor will be demonstrated. Guide to industrial motor control system maxim integrated. Electric circuit analogy 10 the airgap 11 reluctance and airgap flux densities 12.
Abstract this paper presents a microprocessor based digital control system for a dc motor drive using the commonly. Pulse width modulated pwm drives rockwell automation. Microprocessor control of powerelectronic equipment offers the possibility of improvements in manufacture, reliability, maintenance and servicing and increased control flexibility. Lecture note on microprocessor and microcontroller theory and. Electric drivesintroduction to electric drives module 1 dr. General arrangement of drives 45 voltage control d. The developments in power electronics and lsi technology have made the microprocessor based adjustable speed ac motor drives become promising. Today about 60 % of the electric energy produced will be converted and used by electric drives of technological machines. Department of electrical engineering syllabus for m. Structures corresponding to the digital system for dc motor speed control and digital positioning servomechanism using dc motor are proposed. Electric motors consume almost 50% of the worlds electricity. Overview of industrial motor control systems tutorial maxim. Electric drives an integrated approach classroom notes lecture pdf. Dc motor with speed and current closed loops, driven by etpu on mcf523x, rev.
The dc motor is very difficult to contr ol unlike the stepper motor, which can be controlled by giving the appropriate control word. Voltshertz control is a basic control method, providing a. It should be useful for both practicing engineers and students who are interested in learning the practical details of the implementation of microprocessorbased control systems. This new motor control technology will reduce energy consumption by more than 30% compared to the older drives. In this paper is presented the design and implementation of a. The system which includes an electric machine, a power converter, based on semiconductor switches, and several control devices is known as an electric drive. Microcomputer a computer with a microprocessor as its cpu.
He is a senior member of ieeeusa and a fellow of institute of electronics and telecom engineers iete, india. Krishnan electronic control of machines develops a systematic approach to motor drives. Microcontroller microprocessor with builtin memory and ports and can be programmed for any generic control application. This chapter is concerned with the principle, hardware and software implementations, and some processing techniques in inverterdriven ac motor systems which are controlled by microprocessors. Applying the feedback control techniques to electrical drives substantially improves their performance in terms of achieving precise and fast motion control servocontrol with a high efficiency. Types of control ac drives that use pwm techniques have varying levels of performance based on control algorithms.